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Leap second and UT1-UTC information
sources: https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/leap-seconds
his page is updated monthly and contains a table of leap seconds, the current difference between the UT1 and UTC time scales, and the current UT1 – UTC difference that is being broadcast by NIST (called the DUT1 correction).
The master clock pulses used by the WWV, WWVH, WWVB, ACTS and Internet Time Service (ITS) time code transmissions are referenced to the UTC(NIST) time scale. Occasionally, 1 s is added to the UTC time scale. This second is called a leap second. Its purpose is to keep the UTC time scale within ±0.9 s of the UT1 astronomical time scale, which changes slightly due to variations in the rotation of the Earth.
See information about why we need leap seconds.
Leap Seconds
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is based on International Atomic Time (TAI), but it is adjusted by leap seconds to account for the difference between the definition of the second and the rotation of Earth. This correction keeps UTC in conjunction with the apparent position of the Sun and the stars, and it is the standard used for all general timekeeping applications.
The current difference between UTC and TAI is 37 seconds. (TAI is ahead of UTC by this amount)
The first leap second was inserted into the UTC time scale on June 30, 1972. Leap seconds are used to keep the difference between UT1 and UTC to within ±0.9 s. The table below lists all leap seconds that have already occurred, or are scheduled to occur.
All leap seconds listed in the table are positive leap seconds, which means an extra second is inserted into the UTC time scale. The sequence of events is:
23h 59m 59s – 23h 59m 60s – 00h 00m 00s
Leap Seconds Inserted into the UTC Time Scale
Date | MJD | Date | MJD | Date | MJD | Date | MJD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016-12-31 | 57753 | 1998-12-31 | 51178 | 1989-12-31 | 47891 | 1979-12-31 | 44238 |
2015-06-30 | 57203 | 1997-06-30 | 50629 | 1987-12-31 | 47160 | 1978-12-31 | 43873 |
2012-06-30 | 56108 | 1995-12-31 | 50082 | 1985-06-30 | 46246 | 1977-12-31 | 43508 |
2008-12-31 | 54831 | 1994-06-30 | 49533 | 1983-06-30 | 45515 | 1976-12-31 | 43143 |
2005-12-31 | 53735 | 1993-06-30 | 49168 | 1982-06-30 | 45150 | 1975-12-31 | 42777 |
1992-06-30 | 48803 | 1981-06-30 | 44785 | 1974-12-31 | 42412 | ||
1990-12-31 | 48256 | 1973-12-31 | 42047 | ||||
1972-12-31 | 41682 | ||||||
1972-06-30 | 41498 |
Current UT1-UTC values
This table lists the most recent differences between UT1 and UTC. This information is obtained from the United States Naval Observatory (USNO).
Weekly UT1-UTC Values
Date | MJD | UT1-UTC(±1 ms) | UTC(USNO,MC) – UTC(NIST) (±5 ns) |
---|---|---|---|
2023-06-29 | 60124 | ||
2023-06-24 | 60119 | ||
2023-06-19 | 60114 | ||
2023-06-14 | 60109 | -44.8 ms | |
2023-06-09 | 60104 | -43.9 ms | |
2023-06-04 | 60099 | -45.9 ms | |
2023-05-30 | 60094 | -45.5 ms | -2.1 ns |
2023-05-25 | 60089 | -45.4 ms | -2.7 ns |
2023-05-20 | 60084 | -46.3 ms | -2.4 ns |
2023-05-15 | 60079 | -41.8 ms | -2.3 ns |
2023-05-10 | 60074 | -38.2 ms | -1.9 ns |
2023-05-05 | 60669 | -36.8 ms | -0.2 ns |
2023-04-30 | 60064 | -33.8 ms | +0.4 ns |
2023-04-25 | 60059 | -34.1 ms | +1.1 ns |
2023-04-20 | 60054 | -33.3 ms | +1.4 ns |
2023-04-15 | 60049 | -29.2 ms | +2.8 ns |
2023-04-10 | 60044 | -28.8 ms | +3.1 ns |
2023-04-05 | 60039 | -25.8 ms | +2.6 ns |
2023-03-31 | 60034 | -24.4 ms | +1.9 ns |
2023-03-26 | 60029 | -25.4 ms | +0.9 ns |
2023-03-21 | 60024 | -22.0 ms | +0.3 ns |
2023-03-16 | 60019 | -20.1 ms | -0.2 ns |
2023-03-11 | 60014 | -18.4 ms | -1.2 ns |
2023-03-06 | 60009 | -14.9 ms | -1.2 ns |
2023-03-01 | 60004 | -15.3 ms | -2.0 ns |
2023-02-24 | 59999 | -14.5 ms | -2.2 ns |
2023-02-19 | 59994 | -11.3 ms | -1.7 ns |
2023-02-14 | 59989 | -12.4 ms | -1.6 ns |
2023-02-09 | 59984 | -11.2 ms | +0.1 ns |
2023-02-04 | 59979 | -12.4 ms | +1.0 ns |
2023-01-30 | 59974 | -15.7 ms | +1.5 ns |
2023-01-25 | 59969 | -15.4 ms | +1.9 ns |
2023-01-20 | 59964 | -16.8 ms | +1.2 ns |
2023-01-15 | 59959 | -16.9 ms | +0.6 ns |
2023-01-10 | 59954 | -17.0 ms | +0.3 ns |
2023-01-05 | 59949 | -18.9 ms | +0.3 ns |
DUT1 corrections
Leap seconds ensure that UT1 – UTC will always be held within ±0.9 s. The current value of UT1 – UTC is called the DUT1 correction and is obtained from the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). DUT1 corrections are broadcast by WWV, WWVH, WWVB and ACTS, and are printed below. These corrections may be added to received UTC time signals in order to obtain UT1.
The resolution of the DUT1 correction is 0.1 s, and represents an average value for an extended range of dates. Therefore, it will not agree exactly with the weekly UT1-UTC(NIST) values shown in the earlier table, which have 1 ms resolution and are updated weekly.
DUT1 (UT1-UTC) corrections broadcast by NIST
Start Date | Time | DUT1 Correction |
---|---|---|
2022-07-28 | 0000 UTC | +0.0 s |
2021-07-17 | 0000 UTC | -0.1 s |
2019-05-02 | 0000 UTC | -0.2 s |
2019-01-17 | 0000 UTC | -0.1 s |
2018-09-21 | 0000 UTC | +0.0 s |
2018-03-15 | 0000 UTC | +0.1 s |
2017-11-30 | 0000 UTC | +0.2 s |
2017-06-29 | 0000 UTC | +0.3 s |
2017-03-30 | 0000 UTC | +0.4 s |
2017-01-26 | 0000 UTC | +0.5 s |
2017-01-01 | 0000 UTC | +0.6 s |
2016-11-17 | 0000 UTC | -0.4 s |
2016-09-01 | 0000 UTC | -0.3 s |
2016-05-19 | 0000 UTC | -0.2 s |
2016-03-24 | 0000 UTC | -0.1 s |
2016-01-31 | 0000 UTC | 0.0 s |
2015-11-26 | 0000 UTC | +0.1 s |
2015-09-11 | 0000 UTC | +0.2 s |
2015-07-01 | 0000 UTC | +0.3 s |
2015-05-28 | 0000 UTC | – 0.7 s |
2015-03-19 | 0000 UTC | – 0.6 s |
2014-12-25 | 0000 UTC | – 0.5 s |
2014-09-25 | 0000 UTC | – 0.4 s |
2014-05-08 | 0000 UTC | – 0.3 s |
2014-02-20 | 0000 UTC | – 0.2 s |
2013-11-21 | 0000 UTC | – 0.1 s |
2013-08-22 | 0000 UTC | + 0.0 s |
2013-04-11 | 0000 UTC | + 0.1 s |
2013-01-31 | 0000 UTC | + 0.2 s |
2012-10-25 | 0000 UTC | + 0.3 s |
2012-07-01 | 0000 UTC | + 0.4 s |
2012-05-10 | 0000 UTC | – 0.6 s |
2012-02-09 | 0000 UTC | – 0.5 s |
2011-11-04 | 0000 UTC | – 0.4 s |
2011-05-12 | 0000 UTC | – 0.3 s |
2011-01-06 | 0000 UTC | – 0.2 s |
2010-06-03 | 0000 UTC | – 0.1 s |
2010-03-11 | 0000 UTC | +0.0 s |
2009-11-12 | 0000 UTC | +0.1 s |
2009-06-11 | 0000 UTC | +0.2 s |
2009-03-12 | 0000 UTC | +0.3 s |
2008-11-20 | 0000 UTC | – 0.6 s |
2008-08-07 | 0000 UTC | – 0.5 s |
2008-03-13 | 0000 UTC | – 0.4 s |
2007-11-29 | 0000 UTC | – 0.3 s |
2007-06-14 | 0000 UTC | – 0.2 s |
2007-03-15 | 0000 UTC | – 0.1 s |
2006-12-22 | 0000 UTC | +0.0 s |
2006-09-28 | 0000 UTC | +0.1 s |
2006-04-27 | 0000 UTC | +0.2 s |
2006-01-01 | 0000 UTC | +0.3 s |
2005-03-17 | 0000 UTC | – 0.6 s |
2004-04-29 | 0000 UTC | – 0.5 s |
2003-04-03 | 0000 UTC | – 0.4 s |
2002-10-24 | 0000 UTC | – 0.3 s |
2002-02-14 | 0000 UTC | – 0.2 s |
2001-10-04 | 0000 UTC | – 0.1 s |
2001-03-01 | 0000 UTC | +0.0 s |
Prof. Chen-Ching Liu Visit TU Delft
14 June 2024
Doa Nabi Ibrahim
1. Doa Menghilangkan Gundah Gulana
حَسْبُنَا اللّٰهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيْلُ
‘Cukuplah Allah (menjadi penolong) bagi kami dan Dia sebaik-baik pelindung.’ (Surah Ali Imran: ayat 173)
Doa ‘Hasbunallah wa ni’mal wakil’ ini sangat terkenal di antara kita. Tahukah anda, doa ini dibaca oleh Nabi Ibrahim As semasa beliau akan dilempar ke dalam api.
Nabi Muhammad SAW juga melafazkan doa ini saat mengumpulkan pasukan untuk berperang di Perang Badar. Hadis tersebut diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari. Insha Allah, dengan mengamalkan doa ini, Allah memudahkan segala urusan kita dan menenangkan kita saat kesulitan dan diberi jalan keluar.
2. Doa Memohon Allah Menerima Segala Amal Kita
رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ.
Arab Latin:
Rabbana taqabbal minna innaka ‘antas sami’ul ‘alim
Artinya:
“Ya Tuhan kami terimalah amal dari kami sungguh Engkaulah yang Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Mengetahui.” (Surah al-Baqarah: 127)
Doa ini dibacakan semasa kisah Nabi Ibrahim As dan Nabi Ismail As membina Kaabah di Mekah. Terdapat banyak fadhilat mengamalkan doa ini, antaranya, membuahkan rasa tawadhuk dalam hati kita. Dalam doa diatas, Nabi Ibrahim As memohon kepada Allah untuk menerima amalannya – membina Kaabah. Ia merupakan pekerjaan yang mulia dan baginda juga seorang nabi, tetapi masih mengharap keberkatan untuk amalan yang dilakukan.
Di dalam tafsir Ibn Kathir ada menyatakan, Wuhaib ibn Awad ketika membaca ayat ini menangis dan berkata, ““Wahai kekasih ar-Rahman, engkau telah membangun pondasi Baitullah, namun engkau masih saja takut amalan tersebut tidak diterima.” Begitulah tawadhuknya Nabi Ibrahim.
3. Doa Dikurniai keluarga dan keturunan yang taat
رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْنِى مُقِيمَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِى ۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَآءِ ﴿٤٠﴾ رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لِى وَلِوَٰلِدَىَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلْحِسَابُ
Arab Latin:
Rabbij’alnii muqiimasholaati wamin dzurriyyatii rabba wataqabbal du’aai (40) Rabbanaghfirlii waliwaa lidayyaa walilmukminiina yauma yaqumul hisab (41)
Artinya:
“Wahai Tuhanku! Jadikanlah daku orang yang mendirikan sembahyang dan demikianlah juga zuriat keturunankanku. Wahai Tuhan kami, perkenankanlah doa permohonanku. Wahai Tuhan kami! Berilah ampun bagiku dan bagi kedua ibu bapakku serta bagi orang-orang yang beriman, pada masa berlakunya hitungan amal dan pembalasan”. (Surah Ibrahim: ayat 40-41)
4. Doa Dilimpahkan Keselamatan dan Rezeki bagi negeri yang kita tinggali
رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ
Arab Latin:
Rabbij’al hadza baladan aminan warzuq ahlahu minatsamarati man amana minhum billahi wal yauwmil akhiri
Artinya:
“Ya Tuhanku jadikanlah negeri Mekkah ini negeri yang aman dan berilah rezeki berupa buah-buahan kepada penduduknya yaitu di antara mereka yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari kemudian.” (Surah al- Baqarah: ayat 126)
Doa ini dibacakan Nabi Ibrahim AS kepada negeri Mekah sebelum meninggikan Baitullah. Beliau memohon Mekah menjadikan negeri yang aman dan makmur, serta dipenuhi orang-orang yang beriman kepada Allah.
Doa ini dianjurkan bukan khusus untuk keamanan dan kesejahteraan Mekah tetapi keperluan setiap Muslim untuk berdoa demi keselamatan dan keamanan tempat tinggal kita dan memperoleh rezeki yang melimpah.
Dua nikmat itu – keselamatan dan kestabilan ekonomi adalah nikmat yang tidak dapat kita gambarkan. Di dalam Surah Quraisy, ayat 3 dan 4, Allah menyatakan kewajiban menyembah Allah yang Esa dan Allah menghilangkan lapar dan mengamankan kita daripada ketakutan.
5. Doa Dikurniai Ilmu dan Legacy
رَبِّ هَبْ لِى حُكْمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِى بِٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ ﴿٨٣﴾ وَٱجْعَل لِّى لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرِينَ ﴿٨٤﴾ وَٱجْعَلْنِى مِن وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ﴿٨٥﴾ وَٱغْفِرْ لِأَبِىٓ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ﴿٨٦﴾ وَلَا تُخْزِنِى يَوْمَ يُبْعَثُونَ
Arab Latin:
Rabbi hablii hukman waalhiqnii bisshalihin (83) Waj’allii lisana shidqin filaakhirin (84) waj’alnii min warasati jannatinna’im (85) waghfir li abii innahu kaana minadhollin (86) walaa tukhzinii yauma yub’asun (87)
Artinya:
“Wahai Tuhanku, berikanlah aku ilmu, dan masukkanlah aku ke dalam golongan orang-orang yang soleh; Dan jadikanlah bagiku sebutan yang baik (nama yang harum) dalam kalangan orang-orang yang datang kemudian; Dan jadikanlah daku dari orang-orang yang mewarisi Syurga Jannatun-Naiim; Dan ampunkanlah bagi bapakku, karena sesungguhnya ia adalah dari orang-orang yang sesat; Dan janganlah engkau hinakan daku pada hari makhluk-makhluk dibangkitkan hidup semula.” (Surah Asy-Syua’ra’: ayat 83-85, 87)
sumber: Ringkasan Mas Hasrul